Saint Peter Canisius Dec 21 breski1 on Dec 20, 2007 Saint Petrus Canisius (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, …More
Saint Peter Canisius Dec 21
breski1 on Dec 20, 2007 Saint Petrus Canisius (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, (Czech Republic), and Switzerland. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Reformation is attributed to his work.
St Peter Canisius was beatified by Blessed Pius IX in the year 1864, and later canonized and declared a Doctor of the Church on 21 May 1925 by Pope Pius XI.[1] His feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar in 1926, for celebration on 27 April. In 1969 it was moved to 21 December, the anniversary of his death and so the normal day for celebrating a saint's entry into heaven.
breski1 on Dec 20, 2007 Saint Petrus Canisius (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, (Czech Republic), and Switzerland. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Reformation is attributed to his work.
St Peter Canisius was beatified by Blessed Pius IX in the year 1864, and later canonized and declared a Doctor of the Church on 21 May 1925 by Pope Pius XI.[1] His feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar in 1926, for celebration on 27 April. In 1969 it was moved to 21 December, the anniversary of his death and so the normal day for celebrating a saint's entry into heaven.
Saint Petrus Canisius (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, (Czech Republic), and Switzerland. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Reformation is attributed to his work.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Canisius
St Peter Canisius was beatified by Blessed Pius IX in the year …More
Saint Petrus Canisius (8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, (Czech Republic), and Switzerland. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Reformation is attributed to his work.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Canisius
St Peter Canisius was beatified by Blessed Pius IX in the year 1864, and later canonized and declared a Doctor of the Church on 21 May 1925 by Pope Pius XI.[1] His feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar in 1926, for celebration on 27 April. In 1969 it was moved to 21 December, the anniversary of his death and so the normal day for celebrating a saint's entry into heaven.
Contents
1 Life
2 Pastoral strategy
3 Mariology of Canisius
4 Legacy
5 Works
6 References
7 External links
Life
He was born Peter Kanis in Nijmegen in the Duchy of Guelders (until 1549 part of the Spanish Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire, now the Netherlands). In the University of Cologne, he met Blessed Peter Faber, one of the founders of the Society of Jesus. St Peter Canisius became the first Dutchman to join the Jesuit order in 1543.
Through his work in the order he became one of the most influential Catholics of his time. He supervised the founding and maintenance of the early German Jesuit Colleges, often with little resources at hand. Because of his frequent travels between the colleges, a tedious and dangerous occupation at the time, he became known as the Second Apostle of Germany.
St Peter Canisius also exerted a strong influence on Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I; he ceaselessly reminded Ferdinand of the imminent danger to his soul should he concede more rights to Protestants in return for their military support. When Peter Canisius sensed a very real danger of Ferdinand's son and heir, King Maximilian, openly declaring himself a Protestant, he convinced Emperor Ferdinand to threaten disinheritance should Maximilian desert the Catholic Faith.
St Peter Canisius was an influential teacher and preacher, especially through his "German catechism", a book that defined the basic principles of Catholicism in the German language and found many readers in German-speaking countries. He was offered the post of bishop of Vienna, but declined in order to continue his travelling and teachings. However, he was administrator of the Diocese of Vienna from 1554 to 1555 and main pulpit spokesman in Augsburg Cathedral from 1559 to 1568, where he strongly witnessed to his faith on three or four occasions each week. His preaching was said to have been so convincing that it attracted hundreds of Protestants back to the old faith. He was one of the main theologians at the Colloquy of Worms in 1557.
By the time he left Germany in 1590, the Jesuit order in Germany had evolved from almost nothing into a powerful tool of the Counter Reformation. Canisius spent the last 20 years of his life in Fribourg, Switzerland, where he founded the Jesuit preparatory school, the Collège Saint Michel, that prepared generations of young men for careers and future university studies, and under cantonal administration continues to exist as a coeducational preparatory institution.
Pastoral strategy
Petrus Canisius lived in the age of Reformation and dedicated much of his work to the clarification of the Catholic faith in light of the emergence of the new Protestant doctrines. His lasting contribution is his three catechisms, which he published in Latin and German, which became widespread and popular in Catholic regions. In his fight with German Protestantism, he requested much more flexibility from Rome. "If you treat them right, the Germans will give you everything". Many err in matters of faith, but without arrogance. They err the German way, mostly honest, a bit simple-minded, but very open for everything Lutheran. An honest explanation of the faith would be much more effective than a polemical attack against reformers.[2] He rejected Catholic attacks against Calvin and Melanchton with the words: With words like these, we don’t cure patients, we make them incurable [3]
Mariology of Canisius
Main article: Mariology of the saints
Canisius taught that while there are many roads leading to Jesus Christ, Marian veneration is the best way to him [4] His sermons and letters document a clear preoccupation with Marian veneration.[4] Under the heading "prayer" he explains the Ave Maria, Hail Mary, as the basis for Catholic Marian piety.[5] Less known are his Marian books, in which he published prayers and contemplative texts. He is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence
Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners. [6]
Eleven years later it was included in the Catechism of the Council of Trent of 1566. Theologically, Canisius defended Roman Catholic Mariology, in his 1577 book, De Maria Virgine Incomparabili et Dei Genitrice Sacrosancta Libri Quinque. From today's perspective, Canisius clearly erred in some of his sources, but, because of his factual analysis of original sources, represents one of the best theological achievements in the 16th century.[7]
Legacy
Relics associated with St Peter Canisius
In recognition of his early work in the establishment of Jesuit education, there are multiple educational institutions named for St Peter Canisius. Among them is the Canisius College for seminarians in Vienna, Austria, the first institution named for him, and Canisius College, a Jesuit secondary school in his hometown of Nijmegen and the alma mater of Peter Hans Kolvenbach, recently retired Superior General of the Society of Jesus. Another Canisius College, a post-secondary school, and Canisius High School, a secondary school, are located in Buffalo, New York. Furthermore, a Jesuit-run Canisius Kolleg can be found in Berlin, Germany. There is also a secondary school named after Canisius, Kolese Kanisius (Collegium Canisianum or Canisius College), in Jakarta, Indonesia. In addition, there is a primary school: Basisschool Petrus Canisius in Puth in Limburg, The Netherlands. In 1850 they also founded the Canisius Hospital on the corner of the Houtmarkt and the Pauwelstraat in Nijmegen. In 1974 it has merged in to the Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital located at the Weg door Jonkerbos in Nijmegen. The 'Apologetische Vereniging St. Petrus Canisius' (apologetic association Petrus Canisius) was founded in the Netherlands in 1904. The purpose of this association was the defense of the Roman Catholic Church against new values of socialism and liberalism and the restoration of the society with a more Catholic way of life.
Works
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Petrus Canisius
(1555) Summa doctrinae christianae
The longer version (with quotes from authority):
Vol. 1: Faith, Hope, Charity, the Precepts of the Church
Vol. 2: The Sacraments
Vol. 3: Christian Justification, good works, Cardinal Virtues, Gifts and Fruits of the Holy Ghost, Eight Beatitudes, Evangelical Counsels, etc.
(1556) Catechismus minor
(1558) Parvus catechismus catholicorum
References
^ *"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year" edited by Rev. Hugo Hoever, S.O.Cist., Ph.D., New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1955, p.164
^ Burg, Kontroverslexikon, Essen, 1903 224
^ Burg 225
^ a b Stegmüller, 1052)
^ Streicher, 95,245,267
^ This sentence appeared for the first time in his catechism of 1555 (Streicher Catechismi, I, 12)
^ Otto Stegmüller 1063
External links
Herbermann, Charles, ed (1913). "Blessed Peter Canisius". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
Canisius College Jakarta's official web site
Kolese Kanisius Jakarta in Wikipedia
Website of Canisius Kolleg Berlin, Germany (German)
Website of Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, United States
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Canisius
St Peter Canisius was beatified by Blessed Pius IX in the year 1864, and later canonized and declared a Doctor of the Church on 21 May 1925 by Pope Pius XI.[1] His feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar in 1926, for celebration on 27 April. In 1969 it was moved to 21 December, the anniversary of his death and so the normal day for celebrating a saint's entry into heaven.
Contents
1 Life
2 Pastoral strategy
3 Mariology of Canisius
4 Legacy
5 Works
6 References
7 External links
Life
He was born Peter Kanis in Nijmegen in the Duchy of Guelders (until 1549 part of the Spanish Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire, now the Netherlands). In the University of Cologne, he met Blessed Peter Faber, one of the founders of the Society of Jesus. St Peter Canisius became the first Dutchman to join the Jesuit order in 1543.
Through his work in the order he became one of the most influential Catholics of his time. He supervised the founding and maintenance of the early German Jesuit Colleges, often with little resources at hand. Because of his frequent travels between the colleges, a tedious and dangerous occupation at the time, he became known as the Second Apostle of Germany.
St Peter Canisius also exerted a strong influence on Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I; he ceaselessly reminded Ferdinand of the imminent danger to his soul should he concede more rights to Protestants in return for their military support. When Peter Canisius sensed a very real danger of Ferdinand's son and heir, King Maximilian, openly declaring himself a Protestant, he convinced Emperor Ferdinand to threaten disinheritance should Maximilian desert the Catholic Faith.
St Peter Canisius was an influential teacher and preacher, especially through his "German catechism", a book that defined the basic principles of Catholicism in the German language and found many readers in German-speaking countries. He was offered the post of bishop of Vienna, but declined in order to continue his travelling and teachings. However, he was administrator of the Diocese of Vienna from 1554 to 1555 and main pulpit spokesman in Augsburg Cathedral from 1559 to 1568, where he strongly witnessed to his faith on three or four occasions each week. His preaching was said to have been so convincing that it attracted hundreds of Protestants back to the old faith. He was one of the main theologians at the Colloquy of Worms in 1557.
By the time he left Germany in 1590, the Jesuit order in Germany had evolved from almost nothing into a powerful tool of the Counter Reformation. Canisius spent the last 20 years of his life in Fribourg, Switzerland, where he founded the Jesuit preparatory school, the Collège Saint Michel, that prepared generations of young men for careers and future university studies, and under cantonal administration continues to exist as a coeducational preparatory institution.
Pastoral strategy
Petrus Canisius lived in the age of Reformation and dedicated much of his work to the clarification of the Catholic faith in light of the emergence of the new Protestant doctrines. His lasting contribution is his three catechisms, which he published in Latin and German, which became widespread and popular in Catholic regions. In his fight with German Protestantism, he requested much more flexibility from Rome. "If you treat them right, the Germans will give you everything". Many err in matters of faith, but without arrogance. They err the German way, mostly honest, a bit simple-minded, but very open for everything Lutheran. An honest explanation of the faith would be much more effective than a polemical attack against reformers.[2] He rejected Catholic attacks against Calvin and Melanchton with the words: With words like these, we don’t cure patients, we make them incurable [3]
Mariology of Canisius
Main article: Mariology of the saints
Canisius taught that while there are many roads leading to Jesus Christ, Marian veneration is the best way to him [4] His sermons and letters document a clear preoccupation with Marian veneration.[4] Under the heading "prayer" he explains the Ave Maria, Hail Mary, as the basis for Catholic Marian piety.[5] Less known are his Marian books, in which he published prayers and contemplative texts. He is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence
Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners. [6]
Eleven years later it was included in the Catechism of the Council of Trent of 1566. Theologically, Canisius defended Roman Catholic Mariology, in his 1577 book, De Maria Virgine Incomparabili et Dei Genitrice Sacrosancta Libri Quinque. From today's perspective, Canisius clearly erred in some of his sources, but, because of his factual analysis of original sources, represents one of the best theological achievements in the 16th century.[7]
Legacy
Relics associated with St Peter Canisius
In recognition of his early work in the establishment of Jesuit education, there are multiple educational institutions named for St Peter Canisius. Among them is the Canisius College for seminarians in Vienna, Austria, the first institution named for him, and Canisius College, a Jesuit secondary school in his hometown of Nijmegen and the alma mater of Peter Hans Kolvenbach, recently retired Superior General of the Society of Jesus. Another Canisius College, a post-secondary school, and Canisius High School, a secondary school, are located in Buffalo, New York. Furthermore, a Jesuit-run Canisius Kolleg can be found in Berlin, Germany. There is also a secondary school named after Canisius, Kolese Kanisius (Collegium Canisianum or Canisius College), in Jakarta, Indonesia. In addition, there is a primary school: Basisschool Petrus Canisius in Puth in Limburg, The Netherlands. In 1850 they also founded the Canisius Hospital on the corner of the Houtmarkt and the Pauwelstraat in Nijmegen. In 1974 it has merged in to the Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital located at the Weg door Jonkerbos in Nijmegen. The 'Apologetische Vereniging St. Petrus Canisius' (apologetic association Petrus Canisius) was founded in the Netherlands in 1904. The purpose of this association was the defense of the Roman Catholic Church against new values of socialism and liberalism and the restoration of the society with a more Catholic way of life.
Works
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Petrus Canisius
(1555) Summa doctrinae christianae
The longer version (with quotes from authority):
Vol. 1: Faith, Hope, Charity, the Precepts of the Church
Vol. 2: The Sacraments
Vol. 3: Christian Justification, good works, Cardinal Virtues, Gifts and Fruits of the Holy Ghost, Eight Beatitudes, Evangelical Counsels, etc.
(1556) Catechismus minor
(1558) Parvus catechismus catholicorum
References
^ *"Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year" edited by Rev. Hugo Hoever, S.O.Cist., Ph.D., New York: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1955, p.164
^ Burg, Kontroverslexikon, Essen, 1903 224
^ Burg 225
^ a b Stegmüller, 1052)
^ Streicher, 95,245,267
^ This sentence appeared for the first time in his catechism of 1555 (Streicher Catechismi, I, 12)
^ Otto Stegmüller 1063
External links
Herbermann, Charles, ed (1913). "Blessed Peter Canisius". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
Canisius College Jakarta's official web site
Kolese Kanisius Jakarta in Wikipedia
Website of Canisius Kolleg Berlin, Germany (German)
Website of Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, United States
[show]v · d · e
Catholic Church
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Pope ·Cardinals ·Patriarchs ·Major Archbishops ·Primates ·Metropolitans ·Archbishops ·Diocesan Bishops
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Baroque Period to the
French Revolution
Pope Innocent XI · Pope Benedict XIV · Suppression of the Society of Jesus · Anti-clericalism · Pope Pius VI · Shimabara Rebellion · Edict of Nantes · Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution
19th century
Pope Pius VII · Pope Pius IX · Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary · Our Lady of La Salette · Our Lady of Lourdes · First Vatican Council · Papal infallibility · Pope Leo XIII · Mary of the Divine Heart · Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart · Rerum Novarum
20th century
Pope Pius X · Our Lady of Fátima · Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII · Pope Pius XII · Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary · Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary · Pope John XXIII · Second Vatican Council · Pope Paul VI · Pope John Paul I · Pope John Paul II
21st century
Pope Benedict XVI · World Youth Day 2008
By country or region
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History of Catholic theology
Theologians · Teachings · Heresies
General History
History of the Catholic Church ·Early Christianity ·History of the Papacy ·Ecumenical Councils ·Timeline of the Catholic Church ·History of Christianity ·History of Christian theology
Church beginnings
First Epistle of Clement ·Didache ·Ignatius of Antioch ·Epistle of Barnabas ·Justin Martyr ·Irenaeus ·Tertullian ·Origen ·Antipope Novatian ·Cyprian
Constantine to
Pope Gregory I
Arianism ·Pelagianism ·Nestorianism ·Monophysitism ·Pope Leo I ·Ambrose ·Augustine of Hippo
Early Middle Ages
Monothelitism ·Ecthesis ·Iconoclasm ·Transubstantiation dispute ·Predestination disputes ·John Scotus Eriugena
High Middle Ages
Thomas Aquinas ·Thomism ·Roscellinus ·Anselm of Canterbury ·Peter Abelard ·Decretum Gratiani ·Bernard of Clairvaux ·Peter Lombard ·Hildegard of Bingen ·Dominic de Guzmán ·Francis of Assisi ·Bonaventure ·Albertus Magnus
Mysticism & Reforms
Duns Scotus ·Dante Alighieri ·William of Ockham ·Catherine of Siena ·Brigit of Sweden ·Meister Eckhart ·Johannes Tauler ·Heinrich Seuse ·Nicholas of Kues ·Thomas à Kempis
Protestant Reformation and
Counter-Reformation
Thomas More ·John Fisher ·Thomas Cajetan ·Johann Eck ·Ignatius of Loyola ·Francis Xavier ·Teresa of Ávila ·John of the Cross ·Petrus Canisius ·Robert Bellarmine ·Francis de Sales
Baroque Period to
French Revolution
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet ·Francisco Suárez ·François Fénelon ·Jansenism ·Blaise Pascal ·Alphonsus Maria de Liguori ·Louis de Montfort ·Alfonso Muzzarelli ·Louis Thomassin ·
19th century
John Henry Newman ·Gaetano Sanseverino ·Giovanni Maria Cornoldi ·Clemens Maria Hofbauer ·Johann Michael Sailer ·Joseph Görres ·Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler ·Giuseppe Pecci ·Joseph Hergenröther ·Tommaso Maria Zigliara · Thérèse of Lisieux
20th-21st century
Raimondo Spiazzi ·Gabriel Roschini ·Pierre Teilhard de Chardin ·Henri de Lubac ·Jean Daniélou ·Yves Congar ·Jacques Maritain ·Karl Rahner ·Bernard Lonergan ·Edward Schillebeeckx ·Hans Urs von Balthasar · Pope Benedict XVI · Gustavo Gutiérrez
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Doctors of the Church
St. Gregory the Great ·St. Ambrose ·St. Augustine ·St. Jerome ·St. John Chrysostom ·St. Basil ·St. Gregory Nazianzus ·St. Athanasius of Alexandria ·St. Cyril of Alexandria ·St. Cyril of Jerusalem ·St. John Damascene ·St. Bede the Venerable ·St. Ephrem ·St. Thomas Aquinas ·St. Bonaventure ·St. Anselm ·St. Isidore ·St. Peter Chrysologus ·St. Leo the Great ·St. Peter Damian ·St. Bernard of Clairvaux ·St. Hilary of Poitiers ·St. Alphonsus Liguori ·St. Francis de Sales ·St. Peter Canisius ·St. John of the Cross ·St. Robert Bellarmine ·St. Albertus Magnus ·St. Anthony of Padua ·St. Lawrence of Brindisi ·St. Teresa of Ávila ·St. Catherine of Siena ·St. Thérèse of Lisieux ·St. John of Ávila